Bulletproof mechanism of bulletproof cloth

Bulletproof mechanism of bulletproof cloth
Fundamentally speaking, there are two bulletproof mechanisms of bulletproof vests: one is to bounce the fragments formed after the fragmentation of the projectile, and the other is to dissipate the kinetic energy of the warhead through bulletproof materials. The first bulletproof vests developed by the United States in the 1920s and 1930s were protected by overlapping steel plates connected to strong clothes. This bulletproof vest and later similar hardware bulletproof vests play a bulletproof role by bouncing warheads or shrapnel, or breaking bullets to consume and decompose their energy. The bulletproof mechanism of soft bulletproof clothing with high-performance fiber as the main bulletproof material is the latter, that is, the fabric with high-strength fiber as the raw material is used to "grasp" bullets or shrapnel to achieve the purpose of bulletproof. Research shows that there are five ways for soft bulletproof vests to absorb energy:

(1) Fabric deformation: including the deformation in the incident direction of the bullet and the tensile deformation in the area near the incident point（ 2) Destruction of fabric: including fibrillation of fiber, fracture of fiber, disintegration of yarn structure and disintegration of fabric structure;
(3) Thermal energy: energy is dissipated in the form of thermal energy through friction
(4) Sound energy: the energy consumed by the sound made by the bullet after hitting the bulletproof layer;
(5) Deformation of projectile body. The bulletproof mechanism of soft and hard composite bulletproof clothing developed to improve the ability of bulletproof materials can be summarized by "combining soft and hard". When the bullet hits the bulletproof vest, the hard bulletproof materials such as steel plate or reinforced ceramic materials first interact with it. In this instant of contact, the bullet and hard bulletproof material may deform or break, consuming most of the bullet's energy. As the liner and second line of defense of bulletproof clothing, high-strength fiber fabric absorbs and diffuses the energy of the remaining part of the bullet and plays a buffer role, so as to reduce the non penetrating damage as much as possible. In these two bulletproof processes, the former one plays a major role in energy absorption, greatly reducing the penetration of the projectile, which is the key to bulletproof.